Creating Custom Modules

Introduction

The teal framework provides a large catalog of plug-in-ready analysis modules that can be incorporated into teal applications. However, it is also possible to create your own modules using the module function, which leverages Shiny modules. Each custom teal module is built as a Shiny module, combining Shiny’s reactive capabilities with modularized UI and server logic to encapsulate functionality. This design enables a structured and reusable approach to creating interactive components that integrate seamlessly within the teal ecosystem.

In this guide, we will use the simple histogram below as an example, and demonstrate how to convert this histogram function into a robust teal module step-by-step:

my_plot <- hist(
  dataset[[vars]],
  las = 1,
  main = paste("Histogram of", vars),
  xlab = vars,
  col = "lightblue",
  border = "black"
)

This module will allow users to dynamically select datasets and variables to create histograms within a teal application. We will cover best practices, including:

Setting up dynamic inputs.
Structuring server logic.
Using the teal_data object to ensure reactivity and reproducibility.

Understanding the Inputs and Requirements

When developing a custom teal module for visualizations, we will first identify the primary inputs that users will interact with:

Dataset Input (dataset): Allows users to select which dataset to explore.
Variable Input (vars): Allows users to choose a specific numeric variable from the chosen dataset, ensuring only appropriate columns are available for plotting.

These inputs are dynamically populated based on the available datasets and variables in the teal_data object, which we will cover later.

Setting Up the `teal` Module UI

The UI function defines the controls and display area for the histogram. For this module, we will use:

selectInput for Dataset: Enables users to select a dataset from the list of available datasets.
selectInput for Variable: Allows users to choose a numeric variable from the chosen dataset, dynamically filtering out any non-numeric columns.
plotOutput for Histogram: Displays the histogram once both dataset and variable inputs are selected.
verbatimTextOutput for Code: Automatically displays code that generated the plot based on user input.

Here’s the code for the histogram_module_ui function:

# UI function for the custom histogram module
histogram_module_ui <- function(id) {
  ns <- shiny::NS(id)
  shiny::tagList(
    shiny::selectInput(ns("dataset"), "Select Dataset", choices = NULL),
    shiny::selectInput(ns("variable"), "Select Variable", choices = NULL),
    shiny::plotOutput(ns("histogram_plot")),
    shiny::verbatimTextOutput(ns("plot_code"))  # To display the reactive plot code
  )
}

Setting Up the `teal` Module Server

The server function is where the main logic of a teal module is handled. For our histogram module, the server function will handle user interactions and manage the reactive teal_data object, which allows the module to dynamically respond to user inputs.

Passing the `data` Argument to the Server Function

To begin, it’s essential to include the data argument in the server function definition.

This data argument holds the reactive teal_data object, which contains your datasets and any filters applied. By including data, we can ensure:

The server function receives a reactive version of teal_data, allowing it to automatically respond to changes.
The server can access the filtered datasets directly.

The correct function definition for the server function is:

histogram_module_server <- function(id, data) {
  moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
    # Server logic goes here
  })
}

If you need a refresher on the teal_data object, please visit the teal.data package documentation.

Understanding `teal_data` as a Reactive Object in Server Logic

When used in the server logic of a teal module, the teal_data object becomes a reactive data container. This means that to access its contents, you need to call it like a function, using parentheses: data().

This syntax triggers reactivity, ensuring that the data within teal_data stays up-to-date with any filters or changes applied elsewhere in the application.

Note: The teal_data object behaves as a reactive data container only when used within the server logic. If accessed outside of the server, it will not be reactive.

Using `names()` to Access Dataset Names in `teal_data` object

The teal_data object can contain multiple datasets. To retrieve the names of these datasets, use the names() function:

names(data())

This will return a character vector of the dataset names contained in teal_data. You can then use these names to dynamically populate input controls, like a dataset selection drop-down.

Accessing Specific Datasets with Double Brackets (`[[ ]])`

To access an individual dataset from teal_data, use double brackets ([[ ]]) along with the dataset name. This allows you to extract the specific dataset as a data frame:

data()[[input$dataset]]

Here, input$dataset represents the name of the dataset selected by the user. This syntax is highly flexible because it dynamically references whichever dataset the user has chosen. You can further subset or manipulate this extracted data frame as needed.

Setting Up Server Logic Using `teal_data` and Dynamic Variable Injection

In this updated server function, we will perform the following:

Create new_data as a modified version of data() using within(), dynamically injecting input$dataset and input$variable.
Render the Plot: renderPlot() displays the plot by referencing the plot stored in the updated teal_data object, new_data.

Here’s the code:

# Server function for the custom histogram module with injected variables in within()
histogram_module_server <- function(id, data) {
  moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {

    # Update dataset choices based on available datasets in teal_data
    shiny::observe({
      shiny::updateSelectInput(
        session,
        "dataset",
        choices = names(data())
      )
    })

    # Update variable choices based on selected dataset, only including numeric variables
    observeEvent(input$dataset, {
      req(input$dataset)  # Ensure dataset is selected
      numeric_vars <- names(data()[[input$dataset]])[sapply(data()[[input$dataset]], is.numeric)]
      shiny::updateSelectInput(session, "variable", choices = numeric_vars)
    })

    # Create a reactive `teal_data` object with the histogram plot
    result <- reactive({
      req(input$dataset, input$variable)  # Ensure both dataset and variable are selected

      # Create a new teal_data object with the histogram plot
      new_data <- within(
        data(),
        {
          my_plot <- hist(
            input_dataset[[input_vars]],
            las = 1,
            main = paste("Histogram of", input_vars),
            xlab = input_vars,
            col = "lightblue",
            border = "black"
          )
        },
        input_dataset = as.name(input$dataset),  # Replace `input_dataset` with input$dataset
        input_vars = input$variable              # Replace `input_vars` with input$variable
      )
      new_data
    })

    # Render the histogram from the updated teal_data object
    output$histogram_plot <- shiny::renderPlot({
      result()[["my_plot"]]  # Access and render the plot stored in `new_data`
    })

    # Reactive expression to get the generated code for the plot
    output$plot_code <- shiny::renderText({
      teal.code::get_code(result())  # Retrieve and display the code for the updated `teal_data` object
    })
  })
}

Let’s review what we’ve done so far:

Dynamic Variable Injection with within():
- input_dataset = as.name(input$dataset) passes the dataset name dynamically as input_dataset.
- input_vars = input$variable passes the selected variable name directly as input_vars.
- Inside within(), my_plot uses these injected variables to dynamically generate the histogram plot.
Rendering the Plot:
- output$histogram_plot uses renderPlot() to display the plot stored in new_data by referencing result()[["my_plot"]].
Plot Code Display:
- The output$plot_code render function displays the dynamically generated code using teal.code::get_code(result()), allowing users to see the exact code used to generate the plot reactively.

Creating the Custom `teal` Module Function

The teal::module() function allows you to encapsulate your UI and server logic into a teal module, making it reusable and ready to integrate into any teal application.

By setting datanames = "all", you give the module access to all datasets specified in the teal_data object.

# Custom histogram module creation
create_histogram_module <- function(label = "Histogram Module") {
  teal::module(
    label = label,
    ui = histogram_module_ui,
    server = histogram_module_server,
    datanames = "all"
  )
}

Integrating the Custom `teal` Module into a `teal` App

With the custom teal module set up, it can now be integrated into a teal app. We’ll use init() from teal to specify the datasets and modules used in the app, then run the app to test the newly created module.

library(teal)

# Define datasets in `teal_data`
data_obj <- teal_data(
  iris = iris,
  mtcars = mtcars
)

# Initialize the teal app
app <- init(
  data = data_obj,
  modules = modules(create_histogram_module())
)

# Run the app
shiny::shinyApp(ui = app$ui, server = app$server)

Congratulations! You just created a custom teal module and used it in a teal app!

This setup provides a fully dynamic, user-controlled teal module that allows for interactive data exploration and code visibility, enhancing both usability and transparency.

What’s next?

Now that you’ve mastered the essentials of building and integrating modules in teal, you’re ready to explore more advanced features. teal offers a wide range of capabilities to enhance your module’s functionality and user experience.

Adding reporting to a module

Enhance your custom teal module with reporting features! Dive into this vignette to see just how simple it is to add powerful reporting capabilities and elevate your module’s impact.

Using standard widgets in your custom module

The teal.widgets package provides various widgets which can be leveraged to quickly create standard elements in your custom teal module.

Creating Custom Modules

Introduction

Understanding the Inputs and Requirements

Setting Up the teal Module UI

Setting Up the teal Module Server

Passing the data Argument to the Server Function

Understanding teal_data as a Reactive Object in Server Logic

Using names() to Access Dataset Names in teal_data object

Accessing Specific Datasets with Double Brackets ([[ ]])

Setting Up Server Logic Using teal_data and Dynamic Variable Injection

Creating the Custom teal Module Function

Integrating the Custom teal Module into a teal App